Ellis Island
The Immigration Act of 1891 required all vessels arriving in US ports to have a ship manifest
which
included:
- The name of the ship
- The port of departure
- The date of arrival in the US
- A list of all
passengers including their name, age, sex, occupation and country of origin.
Government officials checked each arriving immigrant against this ship manifest.
Entering aliens had to answer questions about their
place of origin, destination and health. In addition
steerage passengers were required to report to a federal
immigration office before entering the United States. To facilitate this processing procedure
the Federal Immigration Service opened Ellis Island on January 1, 1892.
Mathias, Penelopa, James and Bridget were among the
twelve million immigrants
who eventually passed through the island before it closed in 1954.
After a ship entered New York harbor, steerage passengers were transfer by ferries from the
ship to Ellis Island. The ferries landed in a slip next to the main building on the island.
The passengers debarked with their baggage and were tagged with their number from the
ships manifest.
As part of the immigration process immigrants were required to undergo a
brief medical exam to determine the fitness for admission to the United States. They were
checked for contagious eye diseases, physical illness and mental diseases.
Immigration inspectors, assisted by interpreters, when necessary, interrogated each
passenger to confirm the information listed on the ships manifest. This questioning lasted
only two or three minutes.
The average time to go through the whole procedure was two to
five hours.
Only about 2% of Ellis Island immigrants failed to gain admission into the country.
Once these examinations were finished the immigrants were free leave. They traveled
by ferry from Ellis Island to Battery Park.
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